Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is a mandate that has been introduced in the rules of the Government of India's Companies Act,differently-abled 2013 under Section 135 in the year 2014. It mandates the companies that have an annual turnover of 1000 crores or more or a net worth of 500 crores or more or a net profit of 5 crores or more to spend a minimum of 2% of its net profit for social welfare and community development. Suggested Areas of Activities for companies to implement their CSR … [Read more...] about Can you explain the Indian Companies Act 2013 in relation to CSR?

What is a Co-operative?According to the International Co-operative Alliance, cooperative has been defined as an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise.Salient Features are as follows:The membership to any co-operative is voluntary and a person is free to join a co-operative society and can also leave at any time as per their convenience. The … [Read more...] about What is a Co-operative and what are its Salient Features? What are the types of Co-operative?

Project monitoring is a mandatory phase for any project manager. Keeping stakeholders up to date on progress and team performance through reports and on-going documentation contributes to project success. Regularly assessing progress related to scope, benchmark goals, timeline, and budget helps to ensure that there are no unpleasant surprises as the project unfolds.Project Evaluation:Project evaluation is a process of collecting, recording and organizing information about project results and … [Read more...] about What is Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning in Project Management?

Project Management can be defined as the discipline of applying specific process to initiate, plan, execute to manage a certain project.Key components of project management are:Time – the intended duration of the workCost – the budget allocated for the workScope – what innovations or changes will be delivered by the projectQuality – the standard of the outcome of the project.Increasing or decreasing any one of these components will affect the others.For example, reducing the time allocated to … [Read more...] about What is Project Management?

A Baseline study measures specific conditions after a project has been designed, based on the indicators stated in the log frame. It is an analysis of the current situation to identify the starting points for a programme or project. It looks at what information must be considered and analyzed to establish a baseline or starting point, against which future progress can be assessed or comparisons made.How to design a Baseline study?Formulating the study purposeThe purpose of most baseline studies … [Read more...] about What is a Baseline Study and how can I design it?

A Need Assessment study is a process that identifies the need, and informs and how to intervene through the project design. In an organization, more specifically, a needs assessment helps in outlining what processes are to be prioritized or improved to help in fulfilling the current needs. Steps to perform a Need Assessment studySearch for and identify the needs of your project: Exploration and Identification- You will first need to find out how your project is doing now. For example, it may … [Read more...] about What is the difference between a Need Assessment and a Baseline Study?

Meaning of Value ChainA value chain is used to describe all the activities it takes to create a product, from start to finish (raw material to finished product) for example, design, production, distribution, etc. Meaning of Value Chain AnalysisValue chain analysis is the way for business to analyze the activities they perform to create a product. Once the activities are analyzed a business can use the result to evaluate ways to improve its advantage. The following steps below illustrate the … [Read more...] about What is a Value Chain Analysis? What is the Process of implementing it?

Research and Development is considered as the most important part of any activity, being either a part of a project or in general as a part of the organization. Research helps a person understand the viability of a hypothesis generated and tries and proves the probability of the hypothesis being true. There are two major categories of research methods, Primary and Secondary on which most of the research is based on. Both of these methods provide information that specifically answers research … [Read more...] about What is the difference between primary research and secondary research and how does it affect any study?

For any enterprise established at the local level or at the national level, it is essential to understand the market and the customers. To discover potential customers and understand the needs of existing customers set achievable targets for business growth and latest product developments, a market survey is a tool to make well-informed market decisions about one's services and develop effective strategies. It not only helps one to determine the size of business but also a simple component of … [Read more...] about What is market survey and what are the steps to be carried out while doing a market survey?

A Standing Operating Procedure (SOP) can be defined as a document providing an approach describing all the required activities that are essential to complete a task in accordance with the regulatory aspects, in a standard way or according to the operations of the organization that all the employees shall comply and work. SOPs are effective and powerful mechanisms that are created to control workflow procedures effectively. They go on to specify the key details to create a difference in the … [Read more...] about How NGOs can write a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for their projects?